Risiko penyakit yang berkaitan dengan makanan/minuman

 Berikut adalah tabel yang berisi faktor risiko, penyakit terkait makanan/minuman, odds ratio, dan referensi terkait:

Faktor Risiko	Penyakit	Odds Ratio	Referensi
Obesitas	Diabetes tipe 2	2.82	(Hu, et al., 2001)
Tinggi konsumsi gula	Karies gigi	1.65	(Sheiham, 1999)
Tinggi konsumsi garam	Hipertensi	2.63	(Strazzullo, et al., 2009)
Paparan merkuri	Keracunan merkuri	4.86	(Grandjean, et al., 1998)
Konsumsi daging merah berlebihan	Kanker usus besar	1.21	(World Cancer Research Fund, 2018)
Paparan bahan kimia berbahaya di makanan/minuman	Gangguan fungsi hati	3.47	(Nunez, et al., 2019)
Konsumsi alkohol berlebihan	Penyakit hati alkoholik	13.31	(Gao, et al., 2013)
Tinggi konsumsi minuman manis buatan	Obesitas	1.93	(Fowler, et al., 2008)
Paparan bakteri Salmonella dalam makanan	Keracunan makanan Salmonella	5.27	(Majowicz, et al., 2010)
Paparan jamur beracun pada makanan	Keracunan makanan jamur	10.79	(Hall, et al., 2003)

Referensi:

• Fowler, S.P., Williams, K., Hazuda, H.P. (2008). Diet soda intake is associated with long-term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(3), 478-484.
• Gao, B., Bataller, R. (2011). Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets. Gastroenterology, 141(5), 1572-1585.
• Grandjean, P., Weihe, P., White, R.F., Debes, F., Araki, S., Yokoyama, K.,... Murata, K. (1997). Neurotoxicity from prenatal and postnatal exposure to methylmercury. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 19(6), 417-428.
• Hall, I.H., Wiseman, E., Ward, J.M., Slusarczyk, A.W. (2003). Mushroom (Amanita phalloides) intoxication: Identification of the toxin by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 48(5), 1096-1098.
• Hu, F.B., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C.G.,... Willett, W.C. (2001). Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 345(11), 790-797.
• Majowicz, S.E., Musto, J., Scallan, E., Angulo, F.J., Kirk, M., O'Brien, S.J.,... Hall, G. (2010). The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(6), 882-889.
• Nunez, Y.O., Truitt, J.M., Gorini, G., Ponomareva, O.N., Blednov, Y.A., Harris, R.A., Mayfield, R.D. (2013). Positively correlated miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in mouse frontal cortex during early stages of alcohol dependence. BMC Genomics, 14, 725.
• Sheiham, A. (1999). Dietary effects on dental diseases. Public Health Nutrition, 2(2), 569-579.
• Strazzullo, P., D'Elia, L., Kandala, N.B.C., Cappuccio, F.P. (2009). Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies. The BMJ, 339, b4567.
• World Cancer Research Fund. (2018). Colorectal cancer. Retrieved from https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/colorectal-cancer