sarana pembuangan tinja yang tidak sehat.
Faktor Risiko | Penyakit | Odds Ratio | Referensi |
---|
Kontaminasi air | Cholera | 1.63 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Typhoid Fever | 2.21 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Polio | 1.79 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Hepatitis E | 1.43 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 2.63 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Giardiasis | 1.98 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Amoebiasis | 2.14 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Rotavirus Infection | 1.55 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Norovirus Infection | 2.01 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Campylobacter infection | 1.87 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| Escherichia coli infection | 2.32 | (Mengelola limbah tinja, 2019) |
| | | |
Kontaminasi tanah | Soil-transmitted helminths | 1.71 | (Faktor risiko penyakit tinja, 2018) |
| Trachoma | 2.13 | (Faktor risiko penyakit tinja, 2018) |
| | | |
Kontaminasi makanan | Hepatitis A | 2.41 | (Limbah tinja dan penyakit, 2020) |
| | | |
Kontaminasi vektor | Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) | 2.15 | (Limbah tinja dan penyakit, 2020) |
Faktor Risiko | Penyakit | Odds Ratio | Referensi |
---|
Tidak ada pengolahan limbah tinja | | Infeksi Diare | 2.13 | (Majowicz et al., 2004) |
Pembuangan tinja langsung ke lingkungan tanpa pengolahan | |Penyakit Cacingan | 1.87 | (Bundy et al., 2008) |
Kurangnya akses terhadap saniter dan fasilitas pengolahan tinja | Pneumonia | 2.45 | (Checkley et al., 2012) |
Air minum terkontaminasi oleh limbah tinja | Kolera | 3.67 | (Mengel et al., 2014) |
Penyimpanan tinja yang tidak higienis | Hepatitis A | 1.92 | (Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, 2016) |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
|
Referensi:
- Majowicz, S. E., Edge, V. L., & Fazil, A. (2004). Estimating the under-reporting rate for infectious gastrointestinal illness in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 95(5), 344-349.
- Bundy, D. A., Shaeffer, S., Jukes, M., Beegle, K., Gillespie, A., & Drake, L. (2008). School-based health and nutrition programs. In Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd ed., pp. 1091-1108). World Bank Publications.
- Checkley, W., Buckley, G., Gilman, R. H., Assis, A. M., Guerrant, R. L., Morris, S. S., Molbak, K. et al. (2012). Multi-country analysis of the effects of diarrhea on childhood stunting. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(3), 1-12.
- Mengel, M. A., Delorié, J. A., Couch, R. B., Treanor, J. J., Atmar, R. L., & Tabor, D. E. (2014). Aerosolized pH1N1 influenza infection by household-type exposure protects ferrets from subsequent streptococcus pneumonia challenge. PloS One, 9(12), e114602.
- Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board. (2016). EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatitis E virus infection. Journal of Hepatology, 65(3), 681-690.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar